Table 4 Odds of burnout and turnover intent by healthcare system and individual characteristics

High employee engagement

 No

Ref

Ref

 Yes

0.57*

0.52–0.63

0.62*

0.57–0.68

Reasonable workload

 No

Ref

Ref

 Yes

0.26*

0.24–0.28

0.54*

0.50–0.58

Supervisor listening

 No

Ref

Ref

 Yes

0.91

0.78–1.06

0.83*

0.73–0.95

Supervisor respect

 No

Ref

Ref

 Yes

1.04

0.89–1.21

0.85*

0.74–0.98

Supervisor trust

 No

Ref

Ref

 Yes

0.71*

0.62–0.82

0.69*

0.62–0.78

Workgroup cooperation

 No

Ref

Ref

 Yes

0.78*

0.72–0.85

0.77*

0.69–0.85

Workgroup competency

 No

Ref

Ref

 Yes

0.82*

0.74–0.91

0.78*

0.69–0.87

Workgroup collaboration

 No

Ref

Ref

 Yes

0.74*

0.67–0.80

0.77*

0.70–0.85

 2019 healthcare system-level high burnout (EE or DP)

6.75*

1.47–30.94

–

–

 2019 healthcare system-level high turnover intent

–

–

2.93

0.59–14.50

Healthcare system COVID-19 death terciles

 Lowest third (0–0.27 deaths per 1000 unique patients)

Ref

Ref

 Middle third (0.27–0.69 deaths per 1000 unique patients)

0.99

0.91–1.07

0.92

0.83–1.02

 Highest third (0.69–3.65 deaths per 1000 unique patients)

0.91

0.81–1.03

0.84*

0.72–0.98

Healthcare system COVID-19 test quartiles

 Lowest quartile (9.2–38.7 tests per 1000 unique patients)

Ref

Ref

 2nd quartile (38.9–47.6 tests per 1000 unique patients)

0.99

0.90–1.10

1.03

0.90–1.18

 3rd quartile (47.8–61.4 tests per 1000 unique patients)

0.92

0.82–1.02

0.97

0.84–1.13

 Highest quartile (65.2–471.7 tests per 1000 unique patients)

0.91

0.79–1.05

0.98

0.86–1.13

 Healthcare system proportion of virtual PC visits per all visits

1.00

0.83–1.22

0.86

0.70–1.05

Healthcare system complexity

 1

Ref

Ref

 2

0.99

0.85–1.14

0.92

0.76–1.11

 3

1.01

0.89–1.16

0.97

0.83–1.12

Professional role

 Provider (MD/DO, NP, PA)

Ref

Ref

 RN

0.72*

0.64–0.79

1.27*

1.14–1.41

 Clinical associate

0.71*

0.63–0.80

1.12

1.00–1.25

 Administrative associate

0.87*

0.76–0.99

2.23*

1.93–2.57

Gender

 Male

Ref

Ref

 Female

1.00

0.92–1.08

0.75*

0.69–0.81

Race

 White

Ref

Ref

 Black or African American

0.80*

0.73–0.88

1.11*

1.01–1.22

 Asian

0.87*

0.76–0.99

0.80*

0.69–0.93

 American Indian or Alaskan Native

0.87

0.68–1.11

0.90

0.70–1.15

 Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Island

1.13

0.88–1.46

1.44*

1.12–1.86

Ethnicity

 Non-Hispanic

Ref

Ref

 Hispanic

1.10

0.94–1.29

1.04

0.91–1.18

Age

 29 and under

Ref

Ref

 30–49

0.72*

0.60–0.86

0.80*

0.67–0.96

 50 + 

0.52*

0.43–0.63

0.74*

0.61–0.89

VA tenure

 Less than 2 years

Ref

Ref

 Between 2 and 10 years

1.60*

1.46–1.77

1.29*

1.16–1.44

 Between 10 and 20 years

1.77*

1.57–1.99

1.30*

1.14–1.47

 More than 20 years

1.81*

1.52–2.15

1.68*

1.44–1.97

Supervisor status

 No

Ref

 Yes

1.18*

1.08–1.29

1.12*

1.02–1.22