Table 1 Maturity phases of descriptive maturity models

1

Tortorella, Vergara, and Ferreira [27]

Rating of maturity according to a 5-point scale.

1 = Practice has not been implemented

5 = Full implementation of the practice

2

Jørgensen et al. [28]

1. Sporadic production optimisation

2. Basic lean implementation

3. Strategic lean interventions

4. Proactive lean culture

5. Lean in the extended manufacturing enterprise

3

Tortorella et al. [29]; Tortorella and Fogliatto [30]

1. Adopt lean paradigm

2. Prepare implementation

3. Define value

4. Identify flow of value

5. Design production system

6. Implement flow

7. Implement pull system

8. Look for perfection

4

Marsilio et al. [23]

1. Still in the new start-up stage

2. Beyond start-up, but challenged moving forward

3. Expanding to other units and getting traction

4. Mature transformational performance improvement

5

Maier et al. [22]

1. Planning

2. Development

3. Evaluation

4. Maintenance

6

Verrier et al. [31]

1. Initial stage (limited awareness)

2. Managed stage (occasional use of practices)

3. Defined stage (regular separate conduct of practices)

4. Quantitatively managed staged (regular combined practice conduct

5. Optimisation (continuous improvement through lean)