Barriers to pharmaceutical care provision in the community and hospital pharmacies of Motta town, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Table 1 Relationships between PPs individual characteristics and barriers to PCP (n = 130)

Variable	Category	N	Mean	SD	P value	^c ES (CI^d)
Gender	Male	59	82.94	19.99	^bP = 0.278	-0.19(-0.53,0.15)
Gender	Female	71	86.81	20.31
Age	< 30yrs	56	77.00	19.73	^aP < 0.001	0.17(0.06,0.28)*
	30-39yrs	51	95.23	15.46
	≥ 40yrs	23	82.13	21.38
Training curriculum	BPharm with new clinical-oriented curriculum and Others*	54	89.70	18.69	^bP = 0.026	0.40(0.04,0.75)*
Training curriculum	BPharm with the old curriculum	76	81.76	20.67
Years in practice	≤ 4yrs	39	74.38	20.04	^aP < 0.001	0.16(0.05,0.27)*
	5-9yrs	29	82.10	21.27
	≥ 10yrs	62	93.16	16.11
Work setting	Hospital pharmacy	88	87.18	20.29	^bP = 0.083	0.32(-0.04,0.69)
Work setting	Community pharmacy	42	80.61	19.44
Marital Status	Single	45	87.15	17.95	^aP =0.001	0.09(0.01,0.19)*
	Married	63	88.42	19.12
	Divorced/widowed	22	71.13	22.37
Graduating institution	Government	91	92.18	16.39	^bP <0.001	1.39(0.97,1.80)*
Graduating institution	Private	39	68.43	18.46

Significance level: P<0.05, ^*B. Pharm with old curriculum plus 1 month in-service and MSc in clinical pharmacy
^aOne-way ANOVA, ^b independent sample t-test, ^c effect size, ^d confidence interval

ISSN: 1472-6963