Table 2 Descriptive statistics for the two healthcare systems

Life expectancy at birth, total (years)

Beveridge model

209

79.752

2.782

70.315

83.432

Bismarck model

266

77.552

3.412

70.259

83.754

Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births)

Beveridge model

209

3.674

1.560

1.600

11.500

Bismarck model

266

4.616

2.146

1.900

14.400

Health expenditure per capita, PPP (US dollars)

Beveridge model

209

3300.260

1323.261

434.409

7009.246

Bismarck model

266

2812.017

1781.990

373.598

8447.556

Physicians (per 1,000 people)

Beveridge model

209

4.077

1.289

2.230

7.961

Bismarck model

266

3.633

1.0588

2.127

6.633

Nurses (per 1,000 people)

Beveridge model

209

10.785

5.177

3.674

23.113

Bismarck model

266

8.960

3.507

4.061

22.189

Hospital beds (per 1,000 people)

Beveridge model

209

4.136

1.506

2.140

8.770

Bismarck model

266

6.387

1.289

3.170

9.120

Fertility rate, total (births per woman)

Beveridge model

209

1.668

0.254

1.210

2.230

Bismarck model

266

1.494

0.1931

1.150

2.030

Unemployment, total (% of total labor force)

Beveridge model

209

8.094

4.484

1.870

26.090

Bismarck model

266

7.962

3.971

1.810

19.920

Population, female (% of total population)

Beveridge model

209

51.016

1.1965

49.525

54.2106

Bismarck model

266

51.496

1.017

49.539

54.0155

Inflation, consumer prices (annual %)

Beveridge model

209

2.265

2.158

-4.478

15.402

Bismarck model

266

2.506

2.403

-1.418

12.349

GNI, PPP (US dollars)

Beveridge model

209

6.64 × 10¹¹

8.13 × 10¹¹

8.06 × 10⁹

3.12 × 10¹²

Bismarck model

266

6.23 × 10¹¹

9.69 × 10¹¹

1.27 × 10¹⁰

4.73 × 10¹²

GDP, PPP (US dollars)

Beveridge model

209

6.70 × 10¹¹

8.17 × 10¹¹

8.37 × 10⁹

3.16 × 10¹²

Bismarck model

266

6.20 × 10¹¹

9.50 × 10¹¹

1.32 × 10¹⁰

4.58 × 10¹²