Table 2 Factors driving direct medical costs by societal perspective (n = 31635 visits)
From: Economic burden and determinants among hospitalized patients with epilepsy in Thailand
Factors | n | Direct medical cost (PPP-USD) | exp (Adj. coefficients) | 95%CI | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | |||||
Sex | < 0.001 | |||||
Male | 20988 | 1003.27 | 2107.55 | Ref. | ||
Female | 10647 | 1122.67 | 3371.40 | 1.048 | 1.024 to 1.073 | |
Age (years) | 0.028 | |||||
< 18 | 7339 | 1022.49 | 2998.83 | Ref. | ||
18–59 | 18120 | 951.38 | 2410.72 | 0.999 | 0.972 to 1.027 | |
≥ 60 | 6176 | 1338.49 | 2618.55 | 1.039 | 1.004 to 1.075 | |
Comorbidities or complications present | < 0.001 | |||||
No | 5088 | 581.37 | 748.66 | Ref. | ||
Yes | 26547 | 1132.02 | 2813.82 | 1.332 | 1.292 to 1.373 | |
Having Procedures | < 0.001 | |||||
No | 17880 | 555.10 | 540.69 | Ref. | ||
Yes | 13755 | 1678.27 | 3806.53 | 2.209 | 2.159 to 2.260 | |
Length of hospital stay (days) | < 0.001 | |||||
0 | 1375 | 41.22 | 327.80 | Ref. | ||
1–7 | 28653 | 809.04 | 1085.14 | 1.629 | 1.543 to 1.720 | |
> 7 | 1607 | 5738.35 | 9434.33 | 8.501 | 7.901 to 9.147 | |