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Table 1 Site characteristics by implementation phase

From: Improving transitions in care for children and youth with mental health concerns: implementation and evaluation of an emergency department mental health clinical pathway

Site

Community Type

Hospital Type

Annual ED Census

(total ED patient presentations)

Annual Pediatric MH Visits

MH Services

Pre-Implementation

Post-Implementation

1

Rural

General

23,756

(2016–2017)

23,150

(2018–2019)

< 1%

Crisis intervention worker; two CMHAs

2

Urban

Specialized (pediatric) with a psychiatric inpatient program

75,961

(2017–2018)

73,645

(2019–2020)

4.5%

Crisis intervention workers; in-house psychiatry; psychiatric inpatient program; several local CMHAs

3

Urban and rural

General

36,153

(2018–2019)

24,280

(2020–2021)

< 1%

Crisis intervention workers; lead CMHA

4

Urban

General

51,566

(2018–2019)

43,059

(2020–2021)

< 1%

Crisis intervention workers; lead CMHA located in the hospital

  1. The annual census represents all ED presentations for patients of all ages the hospitals serve. The denominator for annual pediatric MH visits is the total number of ED presentations. Annual census numbers were taken from the fiscal year that best overlapped with each implementation period. Post-implementation figures for sites 3 and 4 were significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic