Fig. 3

Trend over time and standard deviation of total cost (at 2023 AU$) for health service use. a Total cost for ambulance use – 2005–2014 (over time): percentage annual change = 3.5%, 95% CI (−3.7, 10.6), p = 0.342 | (b) Total cost for ED visits – 2005–2014 (over time): percentage annual change = 0.7%, 95% CI (−2.1, 3.4), p = 0.628 | (c) Total cost of episodes of care for hospital admission – 2005–2014 (over time): percentage annual change = 3.5%, 95% CI (0.3, 6.7), p = 0.035 | (d) Total cost for health service use – 2005–2014 (over time): percentage annual change = 3.4%, 95% CI: (0.2, 6.6), p = 0.036