Table 1 Basic characteristics of eiligible studies
Study | Country | Study design | Number of follow-up cases | Intervention | Length of follow up (Month) | Outcome index | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Basic theory | Mode of delivery | Provider | Â | Â | ||||
Zhou Lidan, 2022 [19] | China | RCT | 100 | NA | Online | Nurse | 3 | FPG, 2 hPG, HbA1c |
Shi Jieyun, 2021 [20] | China | RCT | 86 | NA | Face to face | Nurse, Physician | NA | FPG, 2 hPG, HbA1c |
Li Yuanxiang, 2019 [21] | China | RCT | 120 | NA | Face to face, Online | Nurse | 6 | FPG, 2 hPG, HbA1c |
Li Yanfen, 2016 [22] | China | RCT | 60 | the theory of health education | Face to face, Online, and Telephone | Nurses and family members | 6 | HbA1c |
Fikadu BH, 2019 [23] | Norway | RCT | 142 | NA | Face to face | Nurse | 9 | Foot care |
Li Shuqin, 2014 [24] | China | RCT | 84 | NA | Face to face, Telephone | Nurse and Psychologist | 6 | HbA1c |
Hailu FB, 2018 [25] | Norway | RCT | 142 | NA | Face to face | Nurse | 9 | HbA1c |
Varming AR, 2019 [26] | Denmark | RCT | 97 | NA | Face to face | Nurse | 6 | BMI, Foot care |
Güner TA, 2020 [27] | Turkey | RCT | 101 | NA | Face to face, Telephone | Nurse, Physician | 6 | HbA1c, BMI |
Utz SW, 2008 [28] | USA | RCT | 21 | Social Cognitive Theory | Face to face | Certified, Diabetes, Educator | 6 | HbA1c, Diet control, Foot care |
Omar MA. 2020 [29] | UAE | RCT | 164 | NA | Online | Pharmacist | 6 | HbA1c |
Spencer MS, 2018 [30] | Canada | RCT | 162 | Empowerment Model | Face to face | Nurse | 18 | HbA1c |
Pérez-Escamilla R, 2015 [31] | USA | RCT | 221 | NA | Face to face | Community, health, workers | 18 | HbA1c |
Yuan C, 2014 [32] | China | RCT | 88 | NA | Face to face | Nutritionist | 3 | HbA1c, BMI |
Carter EL, 2011 [33] | USA | RCT | 47 | NA | Online | Nurse | 9 | HbA1c, Weight |
Sacco WP, 2009 [34] | USA | RCT | 48 | NA | Telephone | Psychologist | 6 | HbA1c |
Golnaz A 2018 [35] | Iran | RCT | 142 | NA | Face to face | Nurse | 6 | HbA1c, BMI |
Jutterström L 2016 [36] | Sweden | RCT | 68 | Hernandez about integration and studies on personal understanding in T2D as well as Illness integration and turning points in T2D | Face to face | Nurse | 12 | HbA1c, BMI |