Table 2 Direct health care, non-health care, and indirect resource use of pwSPMS in Spain
From: Economic burden of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: DISCOVER study
Variable | NHS perspective | PwSPMS’ perspective | Societal perspective |
|---|---|---|---|
Direct health resource usea | |||
Visits/admissions in the last 12 months (at least once) | |||
Primary care. n (%) | 194 (65.3) | 3 (1.0) | 196 (66.0) |
Mean (SD) | 4.8 (5.7) | 12.7 (9.5) | 4.9 (5.8) |
Neurology nursing. n (%) | 176 (59.3) | - | 176 (59.3) |
Mean (SD) | 4.1 (3.3) | - | 4.1 (3.3) |
Speech therapy. n (%) | 6 (2.0) | 6 (2.0) | 12 (4.0) |
Mean (SD) | 36.7 (30.2) | 29.2 (22.5) | 32.9 (25.7) |
Neurology. n (%) | 297 (100.0) | 2 (0.7) | 297 (100.0) |
Mean (SD) | 3.3 (1.4) | 1.5 (0.7) | 3.3 (1.4) |
Ophthalmology. n (%) | 59 (19.9) | 9 (3.0) | 66 (22.2) |
Mean (SD) | 1.5 (0.8) | 1.3 (0.7) | 1.5 (0.9) |
Psychology. n (%) | 44 (14.8) | 14 (4.7) | 55 (18.5) |
Mean (SD) | 2.9 (3.9) | 13.6 (13.1) | 5.8 (8.7) |
Other specialties. n (%) | 139 (46.8) | 14 (4.7) | 149 (50.2) |
Mean (SD) | 4.4 (5.2) | 9.1 (16.6) | 4.9 (7.3) |
Daycare/occupational center. n (%) | 9 (3.0) | 19 (6.4) | 28 (9.4) |
Mean (SD) | 114.7 (43.7) | 123.2 (63.0) | 120.4 (56.8) |
Rehabilitation center. n (%) | 42 (14.1) | 100 (33.7) | 135 (45.5) |
Mean (SD) | 100.0 (78.6) | 99.4 (57.7) | 104.7 (71.3) |
Hospital admissions. n (%) | 18 (6.1) | 1 (0.3) | 19 (6.4) |
Mean (SD) | 1.3 (0.5) | 1.0 (0.0) | 1.3 (0.5) |
Length of hospital stay (days), mean (SD) | 6.6 (8.8) | 5.0 (0.0) | 6.5 (8.5) |
Emergency room visits. n (%) | - | - | 55 (18.5) |
Emergency room visits, MS related. n (%) | 9 (3.0) | - | 9 (3.0) |
Mean (SD) | 2.4 (2.2) | - | 2.4 (2.2) |
Tests related to SPMS/MS. N (%) | 297 (100.0) | 297 (100.0) | 297 (100.0) |
Direct non-health resource use | |||
Support and adaptation devices at home/vehicle. n (%) | 71 (23.9) | 208 (70.0) | 217 (73.1) |
Support for domestic/housekeeping tasks. n (%) | |||
- Support for domestic/housekeeping tasks (unpaid caregivers) | - | - | 19 (6.4) |
- Support for domestic/housekeeping tasks (paid caregivers) | 17 (5.7) | 78 (26.3) | 90 (30.3) |
Support for daily tasks. n (%) | |||
- Unpaid caregiver | - | - | 101 (34.0) |
- Paid caregiver | 12 (4.0) | 17 (5.7) | 26 (8.8) |
Transport to appointments. n (%) | |||
- Ambulance | 25 (8.4) | - | 25 (8.4) |
- Private vehicle | 2 (0.7) | 214 (72.1) | 216 (72.7) |
- Adapted collective transport | 3 (1.0) | 1 (0.3) | 4 (1.3) |
- Taxi | 3 (1.0) | 45 (15.2) | 48 (16.2) |
- Public transport | 4 (1.3) | 37 (12.5) | 41 (13.8) |
Indirect resource use | |||
Actively employed pwSPMS, N = 31 | |||
- Patients with reduction of working hours. n (%) | - | - | 8 (25.8) |
- Absenteeism due to SPMS/MS (hours/week). Mean (SD) | - | - | 2.4 (3.0) |
- Presenteeism (hours/week), Mean (SD) | - | - | 14.1 (11.2) |
- Work disability due to SPMS/MS. n (%) | - | - | 14 (45.2) |
- Permanent partial disability due to SPMS/MS. n (%) | - | - | 9 (29.0) |
- Permanent total disability due to SPMS/MS. n (%) | - | - | 5 (16.1) |
- Sick leave due to SPMS/MS in last 6 months. n (%) | - | - | 6 (19.4) |
Inactive pwSPMS, N = 266 | |||
- Early retirement due to SPMS/MS. n (%) | - | - | 41 (15.4) |
Retirement age (years). Mean (SD) | - | - | 48.7 (8.2) |
- Loss of work due to SPMS/MS. N (%) | - | - | 4 (1.5) |
- Work disability due to SPMS/MS. N (%) | - | - | 183 (68.8) |
Actively employed and inactive pwSPMS, N = 290 | |||
- Loss of leisure time (hours/week). Mean (SD) | - | - | 12.2 (17.4) |
Unpaid caregivers, N = 121 | |||
- Actively employed. n (%) | - | - | 49 (39.8) |
- Patients with reduction of working hours. N (%) | - | - | 6 (12.2) |
- Absenteeism due to SPMS/MS (hours/week). Mean (SD) | - | - | 8.6 (11.9) |
- Inactive. N (%) | - | - | 74 (60.2) |
- Loss of leisure time (hours/week). Mean (SD) | - | - | (15.6) |