Table 3 Description of total annual costs by perspective
From: Economic burden of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: DISCOVER study
Variable | NHS perspective | PwSPMS’ perspective | Societal perspective |
|---|---|---|---|
Annual direct health care costs (€). Mean (SD) | |||
- DMT | 6,435.90 (7,027.76) | 0.32 (2.47) | 6,436.21 (7,027.50) |
- Other treatments | 1,517.84 (1,664.82) | 101.33 (343.90) | 1,619.17 (1,845.28) |
- Medical visits | 829.50 (617.98) | 110.09 (493.67) | 939.59 (786.16) |
- Specific attention (daycare/rehabilitation) | 435.70 (2,627.92) | 987.92 (4257.15) | 1423.62 (4915.84) |
- Hospital admissions | 307.49 (2,429.37) | 9.10 (156.82) | 316.59 (2433.28) |
- Emergency room visits | 19.09 (143.98) | 0.00 (0.00) | 19.09 (143.98) |
- Other costs (Tests) | 561.87 (553.81) | 14.73 (128.89) | 576.60 (556.20) |
Total costs | 10,119.67 (8,576.25) | 1,223.49 (4,471.58) | 11,343.16 (9,519.40) |
Annual direct non-health care costs (€). Mean (SD) | |||
- Support and adaptation devices at home/vehicle | 264.28 (767.10) | 6,200.84 (2,5687.02) | 6,465.12 (2,5677.34) |
- Support for domestic/housekeeping tasks | 136.69 (848.65) | 816.86 (2,188.18) | 953.56 (2,310.81) |
- Support for daily tasks (paid/unpaid caregiver) | 859.51 (8,345.12) | 386.42 (1,828.80) | 1,245.93 (8,711.34) |
- Other costs (transport) | 40.21 (325.90) | 70.52 (137.71) | 110.73 (34.36) |
Total cost | 1,300.69 (8,520.16) | 7,474.65 (2,6276.65) | 8,775.34 (2,7810.01) |
Annual indirect costs (€). Mean (SD) | |||
- PwSPMS work disability due to SPMS/MS | - | - | 13,371.87 (11,349.50) |
- PwSPMS sick leave due to SPMS/MS | - | - | 137.03 (1,706.01) |
- PwSPMS unemployment due to SPMS/MS | - | - | 139.46 (1,195.60) |
- Reduction of working hours due to SPMS/MS | - | - | 287.07 (1,879.70) |
- Early retirement due to SPMS/MS | - | - | 2,501.65 (7,398.57) |
- PwSPMS absenteeism due to SPMS/MS | - | - | 39.74 (211.87) |
- PwSPMS presenteeism due to SPMS/MS | - | - | 6.43 (23.69) |
- PwSPMS loss of leisure time | - | - | 1793.86 (2,605.51) |
- Work termination of unpaid caregiver | - | - | 1,492.68 (4,667.94) |
- Unpaid caregiver reduction of working hours | - | - | 97.35 (578.78) |
- Unpaid caregiver absenteeism | - | - | 232.04 (707.59) |
- Unpaid caregiver loss of leisure time | - | - | 1,400.23 (2,560.84) |
Total costs | - | - | 21,362.37 (12,769.34) |
Total annual costs (€). Mean (SD) | 11,420.36 (12,502.82) | 8,698.14 (26,541.37) | 41,480.87 (31,668.28) |