Table 1 Facilitating factors

Knowledge about AI

• Familiarity [34, 37, 38]

• Time to trial AI in practice [39]

• Education and training [39]

• Conferences and networks [40]

Attitude towards profession

• No fear of job loss [41, 42]

• Improves self-assurance [43]

• Educational function [38]

• Retaining decision control [36, 39, 44, 45]

Management of own knowledge

• Time efficiency (e.g. quick access, summarizing information) [29, 30, 46,47,48,49]

• Handling of big data in real-time [50, 51]

Working with AI

• Decrease time on repetitive tasks (medical, non-medical) [30, 40, 46, 52,53,54,55]

• Task delegation to AI [47]

• More time and focus on patient and/or critical tasks [45, 56]

Useability

• Ease of use technology (user-friendliniess), useability [36, 38, 39]

Implication of relationships to patients

• Communication with patients (e.g. chatbot, multilingual) [30, 32]

Relationship with coworkers

• Teamwork and Coordination [30, 35, 57]

• Collaboration across teams (e.g. AI team, physicians, IT) [36]

Medical decision-making in clinical setting

• Complex cases, connecting multiple sources of information (e.g. drug interaction, potential contraindications) [29, 34, 54, 58]

• Personalized recommendation [30, 32]

• Decision support [45, 59]

• Second opinion, treatment accuracy [60,61,62]

• Improved sensitivity/specifity, reduce missed diagnoses [31, 33, 38, 44, 46, 52, 55, 60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75]

• Risk assessment for appropriate patient pathway [33, 76]

Workflow/processes in clinical setting

• Efficiency [38, 41, 44, 55, 56, 62, 67, 68, 77,78,79,80]

• Standardized reporting [69]

• Time efficiency [52, 66]

• Process optimization (e.g. triage of patients) [46, 57, 81]

• Reduce workload [82,83,84]

• Real time alert of hazards and complications [57, 72]

Quality of care [80]

• Patient safety (reduce medical mistakes) [32, 46, 49, 72]

• Improve medical standards [85]

• Improvement of clinical outcomes [33, 54, 55, 61, 79, 84]

• Consistency of care (no exhaustion, no hunger, no emotion) [46, 61, 66]

• Timeliness of care [44]

• Scientific objectivity [69]

• Health improvement, no side effects [36, 44, 52]

Research community

• Endorsed by leaders, academic societies, trusted experts [38, 52]

• Transparency in the development process [63]

• Explainability and verifiability [63]

• Evidence-based technology, large RCTs to support the validity, reliability and effectiveness [36, 38, 39, 42, 58]

Support healthcare system

• Relieve workforce crisis [40, 44]

• Potential for cost efficient, time efficiency [44]

• Improve population health indicators [79]

• Access to healthcare [32, 59, 60, 71]

• Remote support for patients [34]

Ethics and Legal

• Uniformity and evidence-based in diagnosis [54, 65]

• Non discrimination of patients [44, 86]

• Clear legal framework (e.g. data protection, liability) [37, 38, 40]