Table 4 Quantile regression analysis of total hospitalization costs in oral cancer patients

Age (ref = < 50; years)

 50–60

− 3.409

1.638

− 4.740

− 6.450

− 11.57^*

(3.902)

(3.273)

(3.600)

(5.508)

(6.027)

 60–70

− 0.179

0.984

− 3.320

− 9.136^*

− 17.25^***

(3.800)

(3.222)

(3.524)

(5.137)

(6.416)

 ≥ 70

− 0.0285

− 0.801

− 4.947

− 2.690

− 9.027

(3.517)

(3.838)

(3.827)

(5.745)

(7.910)

Sex (ref = Male)

 Female

− 0.833

0.617

− 1.339

0.341

2.736

(2.715)

(2.513)

(2.789)

(3.751)

(4.272)

Occupation (ref = Farmer)

 Worker

− 4.277

− 2.267

− 2.357

0.981

3.750

(4.814)

(4.223)

(5.147)

(7.156)

(8.656)

 Office worker and other

− 3.372

− 3.058

0.425

5.659

− 0.795

(2.724)

(2.619)

(2.821)

(4.369)

(4.436)

Education level (ref = Illiteracy)

 Primary-middle school

− 1.163

− 3.376

− 3.049

− 1.660

6.148

(4.017)

(3.938)

(4.392)

(5.756)

(7.303)

 High school and above

− 4.225

− 3.578

− 4.489

1.863

5.752

(4.553)

(4.174)

(5.320)

(6.674)

(8.714)

BMI (ref = 18.5–23.9; kg/m²)

 < 18.5

− 4.504

− 0.672

9.394

5.240

6.888

(4.872)

(5.222)

(5.801)

(5.233)

(6.814)

 ≥ 24

− 6.963^**

− 6.200^**

− 3.046

− 6.136

0.749

(3.122)

(2.535)

(2.924)

(4.136)

(4.797)

Pathological grading (ref = Well)

 Moderate-poor

3.543

4.941^**

2.839

5.237

− 0.867

(2.629)

(2.334)

(2.725)

(3.729)

(3.947)

TNM stage (ref=I)

 II

2.793

3.797

5.680^*

6.854

14.97^**

(3.138)

(2.796)

(3.283)

(5.061)

(6.029)

 III

8.347^**

9.695^***

13.62^***

23.52^***

23.18^***

(3.922)

(3.323)

(4.112)

(5.503)

(6.725)

 IV

11.27^***

14.48^***

22.70^***

31.00^***

32.77^***

(3.898)

(3.532)

(3.431)

(5.507)

(5.780)

Surgery (ref = No)

 Yes

16.16^***

25.17^***

27.46^***

38.76^***

38.67^***

(4.923)

(4.707)

(6.415)

(9.877)

(10.27)

Adjuvant therapy (ref = No)

 RT

6.074^**

7.143^***

4.355

3.864

0.459

(2.890)

(2.570)

(3.140)

(4.447)

(4.963)

 CT

− 3.064

− 0.468

8.281

9.589

9.182

(5.656)

(7.634)

(6.166)

(8.385)

(6.395)

 CRT

5.781^*

9.161^***

4.874

5.366

3.701

(3.051)

(3.020)

(3.761)

(5.790)

(4.963)

Length of hospital stay (ref = < 12; days)

 12–19

6.328

− 4.106

− 1.830

− 12.57

− 14.08^*

(4.706)

(4.045)

(3.449)

(7.773)

(7.229)

 19–26

12.64^***

6.303^*

5.875

− 9.011

− 14.32^**

(4.841)

(3.778)

(3.718)

(7.094)

(6.508)

 ≥ 26

20.39^***

15.22^***

19.38^***

11.37

2.443

(4.490)

(3.781)

(4.109)

(6.973)

(5.568)

Tumor location (ref = tongue)

 Gum

7.997

14.88^***

22.46^***

26.10^***

31.30^***

(6.958)

(4.365)

(6.510)

(6.030)

(7.312)

 Floor of mouth

4.491

10.50

12.34^*

8.466

13.53

(7.641)

(6.540)

(6.384)

(9.635)

(13.58)

 Buccal mucosa

3.745

7.014*

4.619

− 3.190

− 1.812

(4.446)

(3.815)

(3.692)

(4.933)

(6.133)

 Palate

0.697

− 0.544

3.345

3.375

13.48

(5.109)

(4.829)

(7.876)

(6.428)

(10.91)

 Others

− 8.276^***

− 8.196^***

− 8.901^**

− 6.423

− 1.605

(3.073)

(3.116)

(3.477)

(5.169)

(5.331)

Method of payment (ref = BMIUE)

 BMIUR

− 8.310^*

− 3.811

− 0.274

− 5.601

− 15.70^***

(4.583)

(4.756)

(4.083)

(3.920)

(4.990)

 NRCMS

− 4.777^*

− 6.308^**

− 3.354

1.157

− 0.408

(2.842)

(2.619)

(3.407)

(4.595)

(5.111)

 Entire self-pay

1.172

2.419

12.61

6.501

− 0.590

(5.452)

(7.084)

(9.189)

(9.129)

(9.858)

 Constant

2.821

2.238

9.201

14.87

31.77^**

(8.340)

(9.163)

(11.16)

(16.46)

(16.12)