Table 3 Mixed effect analysis of factors associated with barriers to health care access among female youths in Senegal, SDHS 2022/23

Individual level variables

 Age of youths

  15–19

1.05 (0.92, 1.19)

0.95 (0.83, 1.08)

  20–24

1

1

 Youth educational level

  No formal education

2.15*** (1.50, 3.07)

2.11*** (1.48, 3.03)

  Primary

1.98*** (1.38, 2.83)

1.98*** (1.38, 2.84)

  Secondary

1.53* (1.09, 2.13)

1.54** (1.10, 2.14)

  Higher

1

1

 Youth occupation

  Not working

0.94 (0.81, 1.08)

0.93 (0.81, 1.07)

  Working

1

1

 Wealth index

  Poor

2.52*** (2.09, 3.04)

2.27*** (1.82, 2.83)

  Middle

1.50*** (1.27, 1.77)

1.47*** (1.24, 1.75)

  Rich

1

1

 Household media exposure

  No

0.89 (0.75, 1.08)

0.89 (0.74, 1.08)

  Yes

1

1

 Covered by health insurance

  No

1.41^** (1.13, 1.75)

1.42** (1.14, 1.77)

  Yes

1

1

 Sex of household head

  Male

1

1

  Female

0.96(0.84, 1.09)

0.97(0.85, 1.10)

 Marital status

  Married

1

1

  Single

1.44** (1.25, 1.67)

1.47*** (1.27, 1.69)

  Ever married

1.31(0.85, 2.01)

1.33 (0.86, 2.05)

Community level variables

 Place of residence

  Urban

1

1

  Rural

0.85 (0.63, 1.14)

0.72 (0.53, 0.97)

 Community media exposure

  Low

1.02 (0.78, 1.34)

1.05* (0.79, 1.39)

  High

1

1

 Community poverty

  Low

1

1

  High

2.40*** (1.75, 3.29)

1.68** (1.19, 2.36)

 Community illiteracy

  Low

1

1

  High

1.35^** (1.05, 1.75)

1.29 (0.99, 1.68)

 Region by HDI

  Middle HDI

1

1

  Low HDI

0.87 (0.67, 1.14)

0.81(0.62, 1.07)