Fig. 1

Healthcare Occupation Leavers and the US Unemployment Rate, 2003–2022. Note. Rates represent an average annual N = 11.7 M healthcare occupation workers in the healthcare industry among N = 166.9 M average annual workers in the US. US unemployment rates are drawn from BLS published rates and healthcare unemployment is calculated from the study sample [30]. The ‘left labor force’ category includes healthcare workers who left the labor force for retirement and other unspecified reasons. The ‘switched industry’ category includes workers who reported working in the healthcare industry the past year but working in a different industry in the current year